Research Trends

  Treatment for head lice can be as simple as using shampoos containing biocides and other head lice drugs to kill the lice, or can be more complex. The type of treatment that a person chooses should depend on the severity of the lice infestation. Head lice can be difficult to eliminate since they attach to hair follicles and only become apparent during the early stages of a severe lice outbreak. Often, treatment of lice involves several steps. The first treatment is washing with a medicated shampoo or solution for at least 2 days in hot water. The solution may be vinegar or citrus although always use a medicated shampoo. This will help loosen the adhesive that holds the line in place. The next step is the treatment of the infected area. If the infected person is having trouble expelling the lice, a hot compress will help release them. It is important to wash all clothing and bedding that will be worn on the day of treatment. Lice usually lay their eggs under the clothing and can sur

  Abortion drugs, also known as a medical abortion, are drugs used to bring about an abortion. The recommended regimen usually consists of a combination of drugs, mifepristone followed by misoprostol. Abortion drugs have many benefits, especially for women who have chosen this method to terminate their pregnancy. However, it has some drawbacks, the procedure may be life-threatening, and there is a high risk of death due to complications during the procedure. Moreover, it can also cause pelvic inflammatory disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mifepristone 200 mg by mouth followed by misoprostol 800 mcg vaginally, inside the cheek, or under the tongue. The success rate of this recommended combination is 96.6%, through 10 weeks pregnancy. In contrast to provider-administered abortion drugs, self-administered abortion drugs are also available, where women take abortion drugs without direct medical supervision. Self-administered abortion drugs may be as effective as pr

  Fluorouracil (5FU) is a highly specialized cancer drug. It has been in use for years and has been subject to many clinical trials. It belongs to a family of cancer drugs called anti-tumor antigens. Anti-tumor antigens are like other normal body cells but they possess a different construction. They stop cancer cells from functioning normally. They prevent the cancer cells from making and repairing cancer DNA. The original indication for the use of fluorouracil was for use in the prevention of tooth decay. Because tooth decay is prevented, the drug is also used for cosmetic reasons. Fluorouracil (5FU) consists of two antigens, fluorouracil A and fluorouracil B. Fluorouracil A contains a synthetic form of vitamin D that mimics the activity of naturally occurring vitamin D in human beings. Fluorouracil B contains the same active ingredients as the prescription medicine lofexidene. In clinical trials with dogs, it was found that both antigens were able to produce a significant increase

  Zopiclone is a prescription sleep aid that can be taken to treat bad bouts of insomnia. High prevalence of insomnia is expected to boost demand for such sleeping aids. According to the study, ‘Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance and Hypnotic Medication Use in Relation to Sociodemographic Factors in the General Japanese Adult Population’ published in 2020, in the Journal of Epidemiology, prevalences of insomnia (INS), difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), poor perceived quality of sleep (PQS), and hypnotic medication use (HMU) were 17.3%, 8.6%, 12.9%, 17.8%, and 3.5% in males and 21.5%, 12.6%, 16.2%, 20.2% and 5.4% in females. Zopiclone is a nonbenzodiazepine that increases the normal transmission of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid in the central nervous system. It helps you fall asleep more quickly, and also helps stop you waking up during the night. The sedative is generally available in tablet form. Long term use of this drug is not reco

  Still's disease is a rare respiratory disorder that causes shortness of breath and coughing with some difficulty breathing. A person with this condition will generally cough up phlegm which he/she clears by exhaling through the mouth. Still's disease is an illness caused by the interplay of various viruses, bacteria, and fungi, as well as environmental toxins. The most common cause of this condition is tobacco smoking, although stress, viral infections, and exposure to certain chemicals also can lead to this disease. Although Still’s disease is rare, its estimated crude prevalence among people aged 16 years and above is 0.73 to 1.47 per 100,000 population for males and females. Still’ diseases can be categorized into two stages, namely Stokes' Delivery. Stokes' disease is a severe manifestation of Stills' disease. Stokes' disease is usually fatal but in some cases, it can lead to pleural effusions and pneumonia. The treatment for Stokes' disease usually

  Somatropin is a protein synthetic hormone that is commonly used in injecting it to the body to induce puberty. It is produced by the pituitary gland and the secretion of this hormone causes the enlargement of tissues and muscles. This hormone is found in higher levels during childhood and gradually decreases with the person's age. This allows the person to develop leaner and muscular muscles. It helps in improving bone strength and density and also helps in reducing fat. Production of somatropin is stimulated by the secretion of the hormone receptor cells, which are present both in the anterior pituitary gland and the anterior suprachiasmatic nucleus. Somatropin or growth hormone, also called human growth hormone in its pure human form, is basically a peptide hormone, which stimulates cell growth, cell repair, and cell metabolism in humans and many other animals as well. It is therefore extremely important in human growth and development. Somatropin has its own receptor call

  Meningitis is an inflammation of the fluid and membranes (meninges) surrounding your brain and spinal cord. Some of the types of meningitis include, bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, fungal meningitis, parasitic meningitis, amebic meningitis, and non-infectious meningitis. Acute bacterial meningitis is more prevalent in resource-poor than resource-rich areas. A wide variety of meningitis treatments are available for those that have this illness. Typically, most of these treatments involve the use of an antibiotic to treat the bacteria that cause the illness. Some of the medications used include amoxicillin, penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalexin, and gentamycin. High prevalence of meningitis is expected to boost demand for meningitis treatment worldwide. According to the study, ‘Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016’ published in the Lancet in 2018, incidence of meningitis in

  Lysosomal Storage Disease is a medical condition where proteins, usually DNA, become deformed or lose their catalytic ability. The human genetic material, which is called DNA, is a highly dynamic and sophisticated part of our system. Due to a process called mutations, DNA becomes altered and either changes its directions or becomes a different size. In either case, the genetic information is then unreadable by cells known as enzymes. There are various types of lysosomal storage diseases including Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, Pompe disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Tay-Sachs disease, etc. Lysosomal storage diseases therapeutics aim at correcting these mutations so that the DNA can be read again by cells. Since the function of the human body is to produce new cells, any change in DNA is extremely dangerous. People with lysts have had to live with the lifelong threat of illness because even minor changes in their DNA structure could lead to serious illness. The human population as a

  Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by a group of parasites. It is not infectious, however, because the bacteria cause the disease, rather than the other way around. These parasites are called "spirochetes" and they live in the soft tissues of the skin, intestines, and intestinal tract. These are known as the Tinea species. Leishmaniasis can affect any area of the body. In Japan, over 300 visceral leishmaniases were reported. Some of the parts of the body are more commonly affected than others, although all areas are affected at one time or another. Some people will have a mild form of the disease, while others may have a more severe case. People may also experience symptoms of leishmaniasis in some other areas of their body besides the scalp. The main symptom of this disease is the development of dermatitis, which can result in scaly skin and irritation. It can also include bald spots on the head and patches of redness on the skin. Hair loss is also common for individua

  Follicular Lymphoma, otherwise known as follicular lymphoma is a type of cancer that occurs when the immune system attacks the tissues in the body. This type of cancer is generally seen in younger women and men and is almost unheard of in those who are over the age of 50. It is also not rare in those who have other forms of cancer such as breast cancer, rectal cancer, melanoma, and other types of skin cancer. Follicular Lymphoma has the same symptoms and causes as many other forms of cancer, although it is important to seek treatment if one notices these symptoms. The annual incidence of follicular lymphoma in the U.K. is 3 to 5 cases per 100,000 with the median age at diagnosis being 60-65 years. In general, a doctor will perform a biopsy and examination on the tissue of those who have been diagnosed with this condition. During the exam, the doctor will look for tumors, masses, or any other abnormal growths. If cancer is found, then further treatment will be recommended. One of th

  Weight loss and obesity management have many dimensions. It includes nutrition, exercise, and weight control programs. They also include public awareness campaigns and media campaigns. There are also different measurement systems used for Weight Loss and Obesity Management. Weight loss and obesity are one of the growing health problems in the world today. According to recent study, India has been among the most affordable health tourism destinations as the vast country offers a wide spectrum of medical methods at a very low price. The rising medical tourism for weight loss and obesity management within such countries offer tremendous opportunities for both the weight loss and obesity industry players to introduce new products and expand geographical reach. Weight loss and obesity programs include different perspectives of weight control methods and different factors affecting them, e.g., emotional factors, cultural beliefs, and socialization practices. This is because obesity ha

  North America companion animal drugs used to diagnose, mitigate, and treat different animal diseases. This includes drugs, vaccines, and additives that are used specifically in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various animal infections. Companion animals are those animals who share our homes and lives. The category is often limited to cats and dogs, but may also include birds, horses, and other animals as well. Owners of companion animals consider them to be friends, family, and confidants. North America companion animal drugs are widely used to cure, manage, or alleviate disease. In the United States, several pharmaceutical companies produce different types of companion animal drugs. Most companies in the industry focus on one of several major categories, such as general-purpose drugs; specific purpose drugs; immune system boosters; and cancer drugs. In recent years, there has been an increase in the production of drugs that are used for diseases in which the animals h

  North America and Europe acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) are infections of skin and associated soft tissues that affect the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous tissues. Management of ABSSSI is complex and includes surgical procedures and antibiotic treatment. The therapeutic approaches favored in treating skin infections include wound culture with susceptibility testing, appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy, adjunctive therapies, and surgical drainage and debridement. ABSSSI are common in the United States; majority of patients are men (although some women may contract vaginal infections from having intercourse with an infected male partner). Thus, there is an increasing demand for safe and effective ABSSSI treatment. For example, in March 2021, Melinta Therapeutics received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for KIMYRSA (oritavancin) for the treatment of adult patients with ABSSSI. KIMYRSA is an antibiotic that delivers a complete cou

  Tauopathies treatment is used all over the world, especially in regions such as the U.S., U.K., and Italy. Tauopathies treatment can often be made in a relatively short period through a routine physical examination and testing. Professionals who specialize in tauopathies treatment believe that tauopathy occurs when there is an imbalance of the brain's nerve cells. This can result in an increased sensitivity to pain or discomfort, loss of balance and coordination, poor memory, or concentrating. There are also some cases where tauopathy has resulted in death. Common signs and symptoms of tauopathy include persistent headaches, weakness, dizziness, loss of appetite, depression, and emotional disturbances such as guilt and agitation. There are a variety of tauopathies treatment options available, depending on the severity of the condition and the frequency of symptoms. A physician will usually examine and note any peculiarities in the way patients behave so that a full tauopathies

  Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKC), also known as ketoacidemia, is a life-threatening complication of diabetes type I (but quite uncommon, it may happen in patients with type 2 diabetes), which occurs when the body produces excessive amounts of ketone (derived from fat) due to shortage of insulin. Diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis can be established by a high blood glucose level, low blood ketone levels, and elevated acidity of the blood. It is often accompanied by a rash, inflammation of skin and eyes, stomach cramps, and a feeling of nausea.   Diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to several other illnesses if not treated immediately such as ketosis, dehydration, brain damage, nerve damage, coma, seizures, heart failure, and even death Diabetic ketoacidosis treatment begins with a careful calculation of the amount of glucose available for the body to use as fuel. This amount of glucose must be sufficient for all body functions, but especially important to the brain, kidneys, and peripheral org

  Hair loss treatment depends on the cause of hair loss. In cases where the loss is due to stress or hormone changes like pregnancy, there might be no treatment needed. The hair loss will stop after a period of time. Hair loss can be caused by numerous disorders. Alopecia areata or hair loss begins after the onset of puberty. Alopecia is a common autoimmune disorder that often results in unpredictable hair loss on the scalp, face, and other areas of the body. Thus, with the increasing incidence of alopecia areata, the demand for hair loss treatment is also increasing. For example, in March 2020, Eli Lilly and Company and Incyte Corporation announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to baricitinib for the treatment of alopecia areata. Hair loss is more common in men. In females, thyroid problems, menopause, childbirth, and pregnancy are some of the conditions that may cause temporary or permanent hair loss. Furthermore, the

  Marek Disease is a highly contagious bacterial infection of chicken characteristic by T-cellullar lymphomas, parainfluenza, and peripheral nerve paralysis. Clinical features include fever, persistent lymphadenopathy, generalized aetiomania, and lymphocytic anemia. Common diagnostic criteria for this condition include clinical presentation, history, and physical examination. Biopsy and serological testing is the key to confirm diagnosis. T-lymphocytes in the bone marrow support the growth of various immune cells. Hence, the diagnosis of Marek Disease can be achieved by immunohistochemistry, blood culture, or biopsy. Marek Disease is caused by an acanthamoeba known as M. acanthamoeba, which is part of the herpes family. Humans are the hosts of this spore, which invades the chickens' bodies through the wounds. M. acanthamoeba prefers dark, warm, moist areas, such as those that are unclothed or those that have not been properly cleaned. M. acanthamoeba is not active during dayligh

  Fibrinogen is a protein used to make tissue repair more effective. It is a compound found naturally in many tissues, such as the skin, bones, heart, lungs, kidneys, intestines, and some of the smallest joints in your body. This compound has the ability to stimulate the growth of cells. Fibrinogen is a highly complex protein that is very fragile and can easily become damaged by outside influences. Since the damage caused to fibrinogen is only temporary, the fibrinogen concentrates are often used in conjunction with another therapy, such as sclerotherapy or collagen, to enhance tissue repair and to preserve the integrity of the body's cells. With the aging of our population, fibrinogen concentrates are used to promote the health of our organs and systems. Fibrinogen in high concentrations is excellent at boosting the immune system. Many cancer researchers believe that fibrinogen and its protein fragments are responsible for causing cancer. This is because the fibrinogen and its

  Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are lipid or protein materials that become highly glycated due to contact with sugars. They are a bio-marker implicated in aging and the development, or worsening, of many degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer's disease They play an important role in the development and aging of both healthy and unhealthy cells, as well as in the occurrence and progression of several degenerative diseases. These include cirrhosis of the liver, fatty liver, and multiple sclerosis. They also cause the destruction of the red blood cell (RBC), the formation of advanced glycation end products or AME (products of glycation) inside the red blood cells and the premature aging of tissues. Most of these proteins are unstable and changes their function when exposed to varying sugars. This process can be triggered by a number of environmental factors, including obesity, chronic alcohol abuse, hormonal changes,

  Pyrazinamide is an anti-tuberculosis drug. For active tuberculosis, it's frequently utilized with streptomycin, isoniazid, or either amoxicillin or vincristine. It's not usually recommended for the long-term treatment of untreated latent tuberculosis. It's usually taken through the mouth. Although it's not exactly known how it works, the hypothesis is that the drug kills off all bacteria in the stomach and intestines. That seems to explain why most patients who take this medication have improvement in their symptoms within a few days of beginning therapy. For instance, in July 2021, the Indian pharmaceutical company, Metropolis Healthcare, partnered with HaystackAnalytics to launch NEXTGEN TB to provide the tuberculosis tests in countries such as Germany, Sri Lanka, UAE, and some African countries. Some long-term side effects include vomiting, indigestion, abdominal pain, jaundice, liver function disorders, fluid retention, hair loss, constipation, muscle weakness,