Histology and Cytology; Branches of Medicine Essential for the Diagnosis of Various Diseases

 

Histology and Cytology

Histology and cytology seek to describe especially the structure of the tissues (histology) and cells (cytology) of animals and plants. Cytology is the study of individual cells of the body, as opposed to histology which is the study of whole human tissue itself. Cytology generally looks at a single cell type, while histology is the exam of an entire block of tissue. Histology deals with the study of diseases, disorders, and abnormalities. It is concerned with the description and classification of the human body at all ages. It provides vital information for health studies and medical diagnosis.

Cytology is a major branch of medicine that studies the physiology and organization of various types of cells. Cytology can be broadly divided into several sub-topics that include the study of cellular communication, cytotoxicity, enzyme activity, gene regulation, and cell biology. In addition, cytology has recently made great progress with the discoveries of certain types of cancer therapies and genetic engineering. The major focus of cytology is on the structure and functions of various kinds of body cells. Both histology and cytology are essential for diagnosis of diseases, such as oral cancer, cervical cancer, rabies, smallpox, and others.

Moreover, both histology and cytology are essential for the development of novel diagnostics for cancer. Thus, with the increasing prevalence of cancer worldwide, the demand for safe and effective cancer treatment is also increasing. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2021, there will be an estimated 1.9 million new cancer cases diagnosed and 608,570 cancer deaths in the United States. This in turn is expected to increase the number of research and development activities for the development of novel diagnostics for cancer.

Cytology is different from histology. Cytology refers to the branches of biology and medicine that are concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells, while histology refers to the study of the microscopic structure of tissues.


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