Hematology plays a critical role in medical research for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of disorders related to the circulatory system

 

Hematology

Hematology is the medical branch of medicine concerned primarily with the study of this specific type of blood-related disorder. Blood vessels are the sites through which oxygen and other nutrients are delivered to all parts of the body. Hematologists are involved in the diagnosis, treatments, and monitoring of disorders that have a connection with the circulatory system, the bone marrow, or the lymphatic system. There are basically two branches of this field: Hematology, which deals primarily with the collection and evaluation of blood samples; and Pediatric Hematology, which involves the care of infants, children, and people with hematological disorders. The term "hematology" actually refers to the science of blood. The science of hematology is also commonly referred to as "blood and platelet."

A Hematologist's major task is to monitor the functions of the bone marrow and to check for evidence of leukemia, cancer, infections, thrombocytopenia, and leukemia. Other conditions associated with the bone marrow include hemolytic anemia, malaria, transplantations, pericarditis, vasculitis, varicose veins, and eczema. Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin of the blood is not properly carrying oxygen. Blood cells require oxygen to grow and multiply, so if there are inadequate levels of oxygen in the blood, a person may suffer from a hematological disorder.

Causes of hematological disorders may be due to excessive bleeding, surgery, or severe injuries. Abnormal bleeding may result from the presence of too many platelets in the blood, excessive blood loss, or both. Surgery, such as a hemorrhectomy or a laminectomy, may also lead to the accumulation of too much plasma and cause a decrease in the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen. The presence of a deficiency of lymphoid tissue and immunoglobulin may also cause anemia. Common symptoms of hematologic disorders include bone marrow depression, bone marrow anemia, thalassemia, and panleukopenia. Frequent pain in the abdomen or lower back, fatigue, poor appetite, nausea, and vomiting are also common signs that the patient needs to see a hematologist. Recently, researchers from Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey evaluated the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in hematology/oncology settings. 


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