Benzyl Cyanide; Used in the Pharmaceutical Industry for Synthesis of Various Medicines
Benzyl cyanide, or phenyl-acetonitrile or benzyl nitrile, is
an important precursor to numerous compounds in organic chemistry. Benzyl
cyanide is a very useful and versatile substance. It is a constituent of many
of the most common organic chemicals and is extremely useful in a wide variety
of chemical processes. The stability of this substance makes it suitable for
use in a vast number of industrial products. It is also used extensively in the
pharmaceutical industry and has developed into one of the most extensively used
disinfectants in the world.
Benzyl
cyanide is a colorless, organic compound used as a solvent and as a
starting material in the synthesis of fungicides, antibiotics, fragrances, and
other pharmaceuticals. Benzyl cyanide is widely used in pharmaceutical industry
for synthesis of various medicines such as diuretics, spasmolytics, hypnotics,
antihistamines, antidepressants, analgesics, antimalarial medications, and
antiarrhythmics, among others.
Inhalation may result in immediate irritation and
inflammation of respiratory tract; however, prolonged exposure can cause severe
health consequences, particularly in the elderly. Long-term inhalation may
result in respiratory failure, pulmonary edema and cancer of the lungs.
Moreover, long-term exposure to benzyl cyanide may result in symptoms such as
asthma diarrhea, vomiting, and bronchitis. Inhalation of large amounts can
result in severe damage to the central nervous system, kidney, and liver.
Benzyl cyanide is a vital intermediate for a variety of
useful, and some dangerous, compounds. It is used in the production of
methylphenidate, phenobarbital, and other amphetamines. For this reason, it is
on the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) List I of chemicals. It is
also used to make ketobemidone, pethidine, and methadone. Benzyl cyanide is
also important in fragrances production which is used to produce phenethyl
alcohol.
Moreover, benzyl cyanide is used in the production of
phenobarbital and other amphetamines as well as in organic synthesis in other
pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
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