Plasma Protease C1-inhibitor Treatment; Used to Treat Hereditary Angioedema and Diabetic Macular Edema

 

Plasma protease C1-inhibitor treatment is widely used to treat various health conditions, such as diabetic macular edema, hereditary angioedema, and others. Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal disorder characterized by low levels of functional C1 esterase inhibitor protein. C1 esterase inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of hereditary angioedema. Hereditary angioedema treatment consists of prophylaxis, management of acute attacks, and prophylactic therapy in situations where attacks may occur.

Moreover, there are several U.S. FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) approved plasma protease C1-inhibitor treatment to treat Hereditary angioedema C1 esterase inhibitor. Several plasma protease C1-inhibitor treatment, such as Berinet, Kalbitor, Firazyr, and Cinryze have been approved for the acute and prophylactic attack treatment of hereditary angioedema. The main function of C1-inhibitor (C1 esterase inhibitor) is the inhibition of the complement system to prevent spontaneous activation but also as the major regulator of the contact system.

Plasma protease C1-inhibitors are inhibitors of the serpin protein families of superantigens found in plasma. These superantigens are involved in the catalytic reactions for the removal of cysteine from the matrix. Cysteine also contributes to tetracyclic cancer and leukemia. As a consequence of this relationship plasma protease C1-inhibitors block the production of free radicals and preserve the overall structure of the microcirculatory system without affecting the activity of prostaglandins and trope receptors.

Furthermore, biopharmaceutical or pharmaceutical companies are focused on developing safe, effective plasma protease C1-inhibitors for the treatment of various health conditions, such as hereditary angioedema, diabetic macular edema, and others. For example, in 2019, KalVista Pharmaceuticals (US) announced results of Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating the use of KVD001 in patients with diabetic macular edema. Plasma protease C1-inhibitor help prevent swelling problems that occur with a certain immune disease passed down through families (hereditary angioedema-HAE).