Aptamers have proven to be quintessential in basic research, food safety, and monitoring the environment
Aptamers have many applications in
the medical field. It is useful in detecting, regulating, and controlling the
function of cells and organisms. They can be used for gene therapy, targeted
evolution and transcriptional regulation, life sciences, neuroscience, and even
drug design and development. Aptamers can be activated by appropriate signals.
They are naturally present in most living systems. They are proteins that have
been discovered to regulate the gene expression of genes in response to
specific stimuli. Gene therapy applications of aptamers and related
technologies are on the rise. Recent studies have revealed that aptamers can
serve as a genetic drug delivery system to treat serious diseases like leukemia
and cancer.
There are several types of aptamers.
There are protein complexes. These complexes are assembled from a series of
amino acid residues which are each encoded by a regulatory region of
transcription. The complexes are then translated into transcripts. In the case
of a regulated transcription, the transcripts control the production and
activity of the regulatory region. Aptamers
can also be used to promote the growth and health of tissues and organs. Their
applications in transplants and tissue engineering are gaining increasing
attention. Some aptamers, however, are involved in the manufacture of hormones,
insulin, and other medications. In some cases, they are used in wound healing,
to control pain, and to promote lung development.
Pharmaceutical engineers are
discovering a wide range of applications of aptamers. They are achieving
successes in the fields of tissue repair, tissue manufacturing, and drug
formation. They are finding aptamers that could replace complex intermediates
in many biological processes. They are finding aptamers that could replace the
role of enzymes in chemical reaction networks. They are mapping the workings of
aptamers in the nervous system, the retina, and the gastrointestinal tract.
They are mapping the workings of aptamers in the cardiovascular system, the
immune system, the brain, and the bile ducts.
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