Nucleic Acid Testing Witnesses Surge in Demand Due to Emergence of Covid-19 across the Globe

 

Nucleic Acid Testing

Nucleic acid testing is a method of detecting the genetic material of a virus-typically RNA, a nucleic acid molecule. In this method, DNA samples from biological fluids are mixed with antirussian and streptavirus antigens and amplified by the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After being mixed with samples of known pathogen, antibodies are produced that bind to the antigens. The amount of antigens binding to the antibody is detected and the titre can be assessed using a Computerized Identification System (CIS). Some of the DNA test kits include probe sets that enable the user to test for specific types of microbial, chemical or other infectious agents.

A positive result indicates that a person is infected with a viral infection. This type of test detects the genetic material in a non-plaque blood sample, allowing researchers to determine the viral burden on various body organs. A specific DNA probe is used to identify the genetic material on a basis of the sequence of bases called A, T, G, C, and J. These base sequences are captured by fluorescent probes and the probe is allowed to coexist with the genetic material for several hours. After which, a colorimetric reaction is developed and a blot or image of the probe is detected.

Nucleic acid testing is one of the most commonly performed DNA tests used in forensic and health institution settings. It is also commonly used in blood centers for DNA testing of blood donors and in drug spoilage plants for identification and tracking of infectious agents. In addition, it is used to examine genetic diseases like cancer, Parkinson's disease, cystic fibrosis, and diabetes. Emergence of Covid-19 has led to extensive application of this type of testing. In the U.S., from January 3, 2020 to 8:36pm CET, 20 January 2021, there have been 23,884,299 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 396,155 deaths. Such scenario has led to several countries across the globe to adopt nucleic acid testing for diagnosis of Covid-19.


Location: India

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