Bismuth Oxychloride, an Integral Part of the Cosmetics & Personal Care, Automotive, and Pharmaceutical Industries
Bismuth oxychloride (also referred to as the pearl white) is
a natural inorganic compound of bismuth with the name BiOCl. It is a lustrous
white solid used extensively since antiquity, especially in ancient Egypt.
Bismuth oxychloride is a member of the boron family of elements and a member of
the thio family of minerals. The compound's crystal structure is influenced by
the iron-containing elements manganese and phosphorus. It is used as a color
additive in various products such as automotive paints, printing inks,
coatings, and drugs.
Bismuth
oxychloride is used in various end-use industries, such as automotive,
pharmaceutical, and cosmetics & personal care industries. Thus, the growth
of these industries is expected to increase the demand for bismuth oxychloride
in the near future. For instance, the United States is the world’s
second-largest market for vehicle sales and production. According to SelectUSA,
in 2018, U.S. light vehicle sales reached 17 million units, the fourth straight
year in which sales reached or surpassed 17 million units. Bismuth oxychloride
imparts a white color to cosmetics and personal care products.
Bismuth oxychloride is often used in topical skin
applications. However, it has shown very low toxicity in animal tests so it's
considered relatively safe. In clinical trials conducted on animals using this
ingredient, there were no indications of irritation, redness, swelling,
allergic, or digestive reactions. Although it is considered to be non-toxic,
around 15 g can be tolerated by an adult, the long-term use of bismuth may
result in side effects and even toxicity to human subjects.
However, because of its unique properties, the inorganic
compound bismuth oxychloride was widely used as an antiseptic, particularly in
ancient Egypt. Research has also shown that the compound is useful as an
antifungal for fungal nail infections and nail dystrophy. There is also
evidence that the compound is useful for treating athlete's foot,
staphylococcus aureus, and candida infection (yeast). Bismuth oxychloride,
which is made from bismuth itself, is believed to have antimicrobial activity.
For this reason, it's been used for treatment of skin disorders including psoriasis,
eczema, and nail infections such as onychomycosis.
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