Italy, US, Switzerland, and Costa Rica to Witness High Demand for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Therapeutics
Acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a very rare (0.1 in 10,000) cancer condition
that results from the invasion of immature lymphocytes or leukocytes into the
bone marrow during childhood. According to Leukemia and Lymphoma Society’s
2018-2019 facts, the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 7.8 (per
100,000) in children aged 1-4 years during 2011-2015. Italy, the U.S.
Switzerland, and Costa Rica are the countries with the highest incidence of ALL.
ALL
most commonly occurs in young children and adolescents who have one unaffected
parent who has an inherited thalassemia or anemia. Studies indicate that many
of these children will develop an illness characterized by fever, generalized
fatigue, or swollen lymph nodes and may even suffer from lymphedema. Acute
lymphoblastic leukemia therapeutics generally begin with a combination
treatment approach. This treatment usually involves combinations of
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and targeted drug therapy. A
combination treatment approach can be used to treat either childhood cancers or
adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These strategies often include
combinations of drugs to target leukemic cells. The intent of this treatment
strategy is to shrink the size of the affected organs (heart, lungs, and lymph
nodes) while killing leukemic cells with drugs and also killing cancer cells
with radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy
drugs are used to treat all parts of the disease; however, some drugs are
particularly effective in reducing or shrinking the largest cells. These drugs
are also effective in preventing or reducing further spread of the disease to
other parts of the body. Some of these drugs are also used to treat patients
whose symptoms do not abate despite adequate medication. When a combination of
drugs is used for ALL it has been shown to be more successful and have fewer
side effects than when using individual drugs.
A
newer combination chemotherapy approach in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
therapeutics involves the use of a combination of four antineoplastic drugs,
namely, doxorubicin, cisplatin, zoxamide, and cotrimoxazole. These four drugs
are administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or intravenously and orally,
on an ongoing basis. Although this approach has produced excellent responses in
a number of patients, it is not a cure for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and
should only be used as a step in the treatment process. The treatment for
relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia includes a second initial
treatment option to extend the period of survival of the patient. This second
treatment option generally involves the use of an antineoplastic drug, such as
a biologic agent, to enhance the growth of cancer-free cells. Recently, in
December 2020, BeiGene, a biopharmaceutical company, announced that its
BLINCYTO (blinatumomab) for injection was approved in China for the treatment
of adult patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell precursor acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and bone marrow cancer.
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